3 research outputs found
Sweet Streams are Made of This: The System Engineer's View on Energy Efficiency in Video Communications
In recent years, the global use of online video services has increased
rapidly. Today, a manifold of applications, such as video streaming, video
conferencing, live broadcasting, and social networks, make use of this
technology. A recent study found that the development and the success of these
services had as a consequence that, nowadays, more than 1% of the global
greenhouse-gas emissions are related to online video, with growth rates close
to 10% per year. This article reviews the latest findings concerning energy
consumption of online video from the system engineer's perspective, where the
system engineer is the designer and operator of a typical online video service.
We discuss all relevant energy sinks, highlight dependencies with
quality-of-service variables as well as video properties, review energy
consumption models for different devices from the literature, and aggregate
these existing models into a global model for the overall energy consumption of
a generic online video service. Analyzing this model and its implications, we
find that end-user devices and video encoding have the largest potential for
energy savings. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advances in energy
efficiency improvement for video streaming and propose future research
directions for energy-efficient video streaming services.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazin
Extended Signaling Methods for Reduced Video Decoder Power Consumption Using Green Metadata
In this paper, we discuss one aspect of the latest MPEG standard edition on
energy-efficient media consumption, also known as Green Metadata (ISO/IEC
232001-11), which is the interactive signaling for remote decoder-power
reduction for peer-to-peer video conferencing. In this scenario, the receiver
of a video, e.g., a battery-driven portable device, can send a dedicated
request to the sender which asks for a video bitstream representation that is
less complex to decode and process. Consequently, the receiver saves energy and
extends operating times. We provide an overview on latest studies from the
literature dealing with energy-saving aspects, which motivate the extension of
the legacy Green Metadata standard. Furthermore, we explain the newly
introduced syntax elements and verify their effectiveness by performing
dedicated experiments. We show that the integration of these syntax elements
can lead to dynamic energy savings of up to 90% for software video decoding and
80% for hardware video decoding, respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure